Method of making bolts



.I. B. HELLER.

METHOD OF MAKING BOLTS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 13. 1916.

Patented June 15, 1920.

INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. it

JESSE B. nELLEnoE r rrsnunen, rnivivsvnvnnia, nssienon T0 KERN'ER MANU- FAC'IUBING COMPANY, on rr'rrsn onen, PENNSYLVANIA, n CORPORATION 0F PENNSYLVANIA. I

METHOD 0E MaKme EoL'rsg Specification of Letters Patent. Patented J n ne 15, 1920.

Application filed March 13, 1916. Serial No. 83,705.

To all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I',--JEssE B. HELLEn, a

citizen of theUnited. States, residing at being had to the accompanying drawings,

forming part of the specification, in which- Figure 1 is a sectional view of one form of blank which is adapted to be made into a stay bolt.

Fig. 2 s a similar view showing the bolt after the heads have been formed.

Fig. 3 is aside elevation showing a stay bolt after the heads have been formed and the body has been twisted.

Fig. 4 is aside elevation of a finished bolt. i i

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of another form of blank from whicha stay bolt can be made.

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view thereof.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a bolt on which the heads have been formed from the blank, such as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a finished bolt made from a blank suchas shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of a portion of a modified form of bolt illustrating the method of making the same, and

Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view of another modified form of, bolt.

This invention relates to an improvement in the method of making bolts, and is designed to provide a cheap and efficient method of making bolts. This method is more particularly adapted for making stay bolts for steam boilers, but it will readily be understood. by those familiar with the art that bolts of various characters may be made by this method.

It is well known to those familiar with the art, that the majority of stay bolts now in use are made from what is known as stay bolt iron and that it is desirable to maintain the rolled skin on the body of the bolt, and at the same time to form a head or heads on the ends thereof without upsetting the fiber in the heads and in the junction between the heads and the body, which upsetting materially reduces the tensile strength of the maas indicated at 3 in terial, andwhich also changes'the structure of the material so that it will more readily crystallize and snap off, which crystallization is caused by the vibration of the bolt.

By the use of my method, I am enabled to form a bolt from a blank whose cross sec tional area is approximately the same as the cross sectional area of the body of the bolt, without the waste of material or upsetting of the ends of the blank, and at the same time maintain the original longitudinal fibersin the head and body without transversely severing any of the fibers or upsetting them at the ends of the bolt.

In carrying out my invention, I take a blank of approximately the diameter of the body of the bolt and pierce and spread the end of the bolt to form an enlarged head. This piercing displaces the metal in radial directions without materially upsetting the fibers, so that the cross sectional area of the metal in the headofthe bolt is approx'i mately equal to the cross sectional area of the metal in the body of the bolt.

The precise nature of my invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which will now be described, it being premised, however, that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, as defined in the appended claims.

In the drawings, I have illustrated in Fig. 1-, a blank which has been slit in its central portion, as indicated at 2, while the ends have been provided with small longitudinal. openings 3. The blank is placed in any suitable die structure and punches such as 6 shown in Fig. 7 are forced into the openings 3 to spread the metal, the cross sectional area of said punches being approximately equal to the difference between the cross sectional area of the head and the body, so that the cross sectional area of the metal in the heads is about equal to the cross sectional area of the metal in the body of the bolt. The body of the bolt is then twisted and the heads are threaded as illustrated .in Figs. 3 and 4. The dies and punches for shaping the heads may be formed so as to provide a wrench seat 4 on one end of the bolt and a wrench socket 5 in the other end.

As illustrated in the drawings,I prefer to form openings in the ends of the blanks,

Fig. 1, so that the In Figs. '7 and 8, I have shown a bolt made of two semi-cylindrical members,such

as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6. When constructing a bolt of this character, a punch, such as shown at 6, in Fig. 7, is forced between the two members of the blank, which will spread them and weld them at the point indicated at 7, by a slight upsetting action; r y

In Figs. 9, Ihave illustrated .a .bolthaving' its end spread by means of a punch 8, which is-retained within the head and forms a core. By using this method, I use a fresh punch for each head, so that there will be no danger of overheating the punch. These punches maybe made in any desired manner and fed by any desired means to the forging machine for making the bolts.

In FigJlO, I have illustrateda bolt having a head .9,.which bolt may be used for various purposes, such .as track bolts, or other structures of different types. Y

The. advantages of'my 'invention result from the provision of a bolt and a method of making the same, in which the fibers extend in a longitudinal direction throughout the body of the bolt and the head thereof and in which the cross-sectional area of the metal the head; of the bolt' is approxiout the body of the bolt, then flare out-' wardly and longitudinally through the junction of the body and the head, and then extend in a longitudinal direction in the head approximately parallel. to the axis of the bolt.

I claim: v

1. In the manufacture of bolts, the steps of forming .a relatively small axial opening in the end of ablank ofa length approximately equal to the length ofthe "head to be formed, and then. forcingatool into said opening to spread the :metal about the opening to form an enlarged head;substantially as described. I I

2. In the manufacture of bolts,athe steps of inserting the end of. a. cylindrical blank in a die member, and thenforcing .a punch intothe center .oftheend fofthe blank to spread the metal in a radial direction about the punch to form a .headbetween the die and punch, substantially as described.

a In testimony whereof, I havehereuntoset myhand. i r

, r I r JESSE'B. HELLER. Witnesses: V i 7' i I a n W. .G..LYO,N,

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